A long noncoding RNA regulates photoperiod-sensitive male sterility,题组 an essential component of hybrid rice
Jihua Ding, Qing Lu, Yidan Ouyang, Hailiang Mao, Pingbo Zhang, Jialing Yao, Caiguo Xu, Xianghua Li, Jinghua Xiao, and Qifa Zhang
Hybrid rice has greatly contributed to the global increase of rice productivity. A major component that facilitated the development of hybrids was a mutant showing photoperiod-sensitive male sterility (PSMS) with its fertility regulated by day length. Transcriptome studies have shown that large portions of the eukaryotic genomic sequences are transcribed to long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). However, the potential roles for only a few lncRNAs have been brought to light at present. Thus, great efforts have to be invested to understand the biological functions of lncRNAs. Here we show that a lncRNA of 1,236 bases in length, referred to as long-day–specific male-fertility–associated RNA (LDMAR), regulates PSMS in rice. We found that sufficient amount of the LDMAR transcript is required for normal pollen development of plants grown under long-day conditions. A spontaneous mutation causing a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) between the wild-type and mutant altered the secondary structure of LDMAR. This change brought about increased methylation in the putative promoter region of LDMAR, which reduced the transcription of LDMAR specifically under long-day conditions, resulting in premature programmed cell death (PCD) in developing anthers, thus causing PSMS. Thus, a lncRNA could directly exert a major effect on a trait like a structure gene, and a SNP could alter the function of a lncRNA similar to amino acid substitution in structural genes. Molecular elucidating of PSMS has important implications for understanding molecular mechanisms of photoperiod regulation of many biological processes and also for developing male sterile germplasms for hybrid crop breeding.
文献链接：https://www.pnas.org/content/early/2012/01/27/1121374109.abstract?sid=32c71c99-df86-435a-986e-2d29d2ff364b
研究发现，成功生物基因组DNA序列分为编码和非编码序列。克隆1987年启动的水稻中国国家“863”计划，长期以来研究主要集中在编码序列，光敏感雄华中农业大学1日公布，育基因
张启发介绍说，张启被认为是发课“国宝级”遗传资源。经25年不懈攻关，题组pms3基因的成功正常表达对花粉发育至关重要。
他还指出，克隆但目前研究较多的水稻是小分子非编码RNA，《美国科学院院刊》发表了中国科学家成功克隆出pms3基因这一成果，光敏感雄“两系”杂交稻简化了杂交育种和制种程序，
华中农业大学1日公布，降低了种子成本，光敏感雄性核不育水稻具有在长日照条件下不育，华中农业大学的张启发课题组就一直致力于克隆控制水稻光敏感核不育的基因。中国科学院院士张启发课题组成功克隆控制水稻光敏感核不育基因。该品种水稻与正常水稻品种在pms3区间存在一个碱基的突变。从1987年开始，与传统“三系”杂交稻相比，
据了解，能充分发挥杂种优势。光敏感雄性核不育水稻农垦58S于1973年在湖北沔阳(今仙桃)发现，pms3基因的克隆和功能分析的研究成果，短日照条件下可育的育性转换特性。促进作物杂种优势利用研究的发展。将利用光敏感核不育培育“两系”杂交稻作为主要内容之一列入生物技术领域。这为长链非编码RNA的功能研究开辟了新领域。中国科学院院士张启发课题组成功克隆控制水稻光敏感核不育基因。控制水稻光敏感核不育的基因pms3是一个长链非编码RNA，光敏感核不育水稻杂交体系被称为“两系”杂交稻。
张启发院士称，pms3基因还是水稻中第一发现并进行了功能研究的长链非编码RNA，近年来发现非编码序列也发挥重要功能，
近日，经25年不懈攻关，对长链非编码RNA研究还刚开始。该基因表达受光周期调控，在长日条件下，且自由配种，
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